Volumul Introducere în logica filosofică.I. Logică şi formalizare a fost publicat în 1994 la Editura Universităţii Bucureşti. El se baza pe o parte a cursului predat atunci studenţilor de la Facultatea de Filosofie.

introducere

cap1_metateoria logicii propozitiilor

cap2_propozitii si judecati

cap3_1_metateoria logicii de ordinul intai a predicatelor

cap3_2_metateoria logicii de ordinul intai a predicatelor

cap3_3_metateoria logicii de ordinul intai a predicatelor

cap4_1_cuantificare si formalizare

cap4_2_cuantificare si formalizare

cap4_3_cuantificare si formalizare

bibliografie selectiva

O variantă mai extinsă a acestui eseu a apărut ca postfaţă la cartea Reconstrucţia dreptei, de Valeriu Stoica şi Dragos Paul Aligică, Editura Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2009.

Postfata vs_dpa

Acest curs are un caracter avansat şi presupune cunoştinţe de bază din domeniul teoriei alegerii raţionale. Cursul tratează diferitele abordări ale ideii de insitutţie şiu se concentrează asupra semnificaţiei acesteia în ştiinţa politică.

1. Introducere: teoria alegerii rationale

Adrian Miroiu, Fundamentele politicii, vol. 2, Editura Polirom, Iaşi, 2007, cap. 11.

R. Axelrod, (1984): The Evolution of Cooperation, Basic Books, New York.

Skyrms, B., Evolution of the social contract, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996, cap. 1.

2. Critici si modele alternative

Herbert A. Simon, A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 69, No. 1, Feb., 1955, pp. 99-118

Herbert A. Simon, Rational Decision Making in Business Organizations, The American Economic Review, Vol. 69, No. 4, Sep., 1979, pp. 493-513

Herbert A. Simon, The Logic of Rational Decision, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 16, No. 63, Nov., 1965, pp. 169-186

Michael D. Cohen, James G. March, Johan P. Olsen, A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 1, Mar., 1972, pp. 1-25

Ch. Lindblom, The science of “muddling through”, Public Administration Review, 10, 2, 1959, pp. 79 – 88.

Charles E. Lindblom, Policy Analysis, The American Economic Review, Vol. 48, No. 3, Jun., 1958, pp. 298-312

3 – 4. Provocarea instituţionalistă

J. G. March, J.P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions. The Organizational Basis of Politics, The Free Press, NY, 1989.

March, J.C., Olsen, J.P. (1984): The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life, The American Political Science Review, 78, 3, pp. 734 – 749.

K. A. Shepsle, Studzing Institutions. Some lessons from the rational choice approach, Journal of Theoretical Politics, 1 (2), 1989, pp. 131 – 147.

5. Instituţionalismul sociologic

P.J. DiMaggio, W.W. Powell, The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality, in P.J. DiMaggio, W.W. Powell (eds.), Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, The Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1991.

Granovetter, M. (1985): Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness, The American Journal of Sociology, 91, 3, pp. 481 – 510.

6. Institutionalismul economic

Douglass C. North, Robert Paul Thomas, An Economic Theory of the Growth of the Western World, The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 23, No. 1 (Apr., 1970), pp. 1-17

C. Mantzavinos, Douglass C. North, Syed Shariq, Learning, Institutions, and Economic Performance, Perspectives on Politics, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 2004), pp. 75-84

Douglass C. North, Economic Performance Through Time, The American Economic Review, Vol. 84, No. 3 (Jun., 1994), pp. 359-368

Douglass C. North, Institutions and the Performance of Economies over Time, în C. Menard, M. M. Shirley (Eds.) Handbook Of New Institutional Economics, Springer, 2005.

Oliver E. Williamson, Transaction Cost Economics, în C. Menard, M. M. Shirley (Eds.) Handbook Of New Institutional Economics, Springer, 2005.

7 – 9 Institutionalismul si gestionarea bunurilor comune

7

Ostrom, E. (1998): A Behavioral Approach to the Rational Choice Theory of Collective Action, The American Political Science Review, 92 (1), pp. 1 – 22.

Ostrom, E. (2000): Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14, 3, pp. 137 – 158.

E. Ostrom, Doing Institutional Analysis: Digging Deeper than Markets and Hierarchies, în C. Menard, M. M. Shirley (Eds.) Handbook Of New Institutional Economics, Springer, 2005.

Crawford, S., Ostrom, E. (1995): A Grammar of Institutions, The American Political Science Review, 89, 3, 1995, pp. 582 – 600.

8 – 9

Ostrom, E. (1990): Governing the Commons. The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (trad. Rom., Polirom, Iaşi, 2007)

Ostrom, E. (2005): Understanding Institutional Diversity, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

10. Instituţiile ca echilibre in sens evoluţionist

Sugden, R. (1989): Spontaneous Order, Journal of Economic Perspective, 3, 4, pp. 85-97.

Young, H.P. (1993): The Evolution of Conventions, Econometrica, 61, 1, pp. 57-84.

Greif, A. (1998): Historical and comparative institutional analysis, The American Economic Review,  88, 2, pp. 80 – 84.

Binmore, K., Natural justice, Oxford University Press, New York, 2005

11 – 12. Abordarea complexa a instituţiilor

Greif, A., Milgrom, P., Weingast, B.R. (1994): Coordination, Commitment, and Enforcement: The Case of the Merchant Guild, The Journal of Political Economy, 102, 4, pp. 745 – 776.

Greif, A., Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006.

13 – 14. TBA.

Evaluarea se bazeaza pe activitatea pe parcursul semestrului (75%) si prezentarea unei lucrari de 3000 cuvinte (25%).

MTAP

SEMINAR DE CERCETARE

Semestrul I, anul univ. 2008-9

Tema propusă:

Teorii ale sistemului socialist

Scopul seminarului este acela de a cunoaşte unele dintre abordările teoretice asupra sistemului socialist. Acest lucru e cu atât mai necesar, în condiţiile în care cercetarea temei este în spaţiul românesc realizată din perspective sau exterioare ştiinţei politice (şi de multe ori într-o manieră prea puţin conceptuală), sau – dacă se încadrează în cadrul ştiinţei politice – sunt realizate fie din perspective teoretice deficitare, fie doar în perspective descriptive.

Tema 1. Teorii ale socialismului

Ferrero, M. (2004): A Rational Theory of Socialist Public Ownership, Rationality and Society, 16(4), pp. 371–397.

Bell, D. (1958): Ten Theories in Search of Reality: The Prediction of Soviet Behavior in the Social Sciences, World Politics, 10, 3, pp. 327-365)

Amann, R. (1986): Searching for an Appropriate Concept of Soviet Politics: The Politics of Hesitant Modernization?, British Journal of Political Science, 16, 4, pp. 475 – 494.

Kornai, The Socialist System, capitolele 1 -2.

Tema 2. Structura sistemului socialist

Kornai, The Socialist System, capitolele 3 – 5.

Tema 3. Coordonarea in socialism

Kornai, The Socialist System, capitolele 6 – 7

Robertson, P.G., Oskar Lange’s Theory of Socialist Planning, The Journal of Political Economy, 79, 2, 1971, pp. 562 – 577.

Trotsky, L., The Workers’ State, Thermidor and Bonapartism, First Published: July 1935 with the title: The Soviet Union Today, Source: New International [New York], Vol.2 No.4

Tema 4. Economia in socialism

Kornai, The Socialist System, capitolele 8 – 10.

Bodnar, Borocz, Housing Advantages for the Better Connected?, Social Froces, 76, 4, 1998, pp. 1275 – 1304.

Tema 5. Penuria in socialism

Kornai, The Socialist System, capitolele 11 – 12.

Schleifer, A., Vishny, R., Pervasive Shortages under Socialism, The RAND Journal of Economics, 23, 2, 1992, pp. 237 – 246.

Tema 6. Distributia

Kornai, The Socialist System, capitolele 13 – 14.

D. Chirot, Social Change in Communist Romania, Social Forces, 57, 1978, pp. 457 – 499.

Tema 7 – 8. Tranzitia de la sistemul classic

Kornai, The Socialist System, capitolele 16 – 21, 24.

Tema 9. Grupurile de interese în socialism

W.G. Skilling, Interest Groups in Communist Politics Revisited, World Politics, 36, 1983, pp. 1 – 27

White,St., Communist Systems and the ‘Iron Law of Pluralism’, BJPS, 8, 1, 1978, pp. 101 – 117

Schmitter, Philippe C., Modes of Interest Intermediation and Models of

Societal Change in Western Europe , Comparative Political Studies, 10:1

(1977:Apr.)

Bunce, V., The Political Economy of the Brezhnev Era: The Rise and Fall of Corporatism, BJPS, 13, 2, 1983, pp. 129 – 158.

Tema 10. Socialism si dictatură

Wintrobe, R., The Tinpot and the Totalitarian: An Economic Theory of Dictatorship, The American Political Science Review, 84, 3, 1990, pp. 849 – 872

Gary M. Anderson, Peter J. Boettke, Soviet venality: A rent-seeking model of the communist state, Public Choice 93: 37–53, 1997. 37

Eugenia Belova, Valery Lazarev, Why party and how much? The Soviet State and the party finance, Public Choice (2007) 130:437–456

Tema 11 – 12. Socialism si autocratie

Olson, M. (1993): Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development, The American Political Science Review, 87, 3, pp. 567 – 576.

Olson, M. (2000): Power and Prosperity. Outgrowing Communist and Capitalist Dictatorships, Basic Books, New York.

Bibliografia este minimală; studenţilor li se vor solicita şi alte lecturi relevante.

Cerinţe:

• Participarea activă la seminar – 25%
• Prezentarea a două position paper în cadrul seminarului – 25%
• Realizarea unei recenzii a unei cărţi pe tema discutată – 25%
• Examen final – 25%

MTAP

Semestrul I, anul univ. 2008-9

Analiza normativa. Dreptatea distributiva dupa Rawls

Cursul urmăreşte să analizeze câteva dintre cercetările asupra dreptăţii distributive ulterioare apariţiei teoriei rawlsiene. Au fost alese cateva teme, care să deschidă perspective semnificative asupra înţelegerii dreptăţii.

Un al doilea obiectiv important al cursului este aela de a evidenţia diversitatea tipurilor de abordări asupra dreptăţii, a perspectivelor teoretice (şi chiar disciplinare) la care se face apel.

Temele 1 – 3. Teoria dreptatii a lui Rawls

J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, paragrafele 1 – 30.

J. Rawls, Political Liberalism, cap. 1, 2, 4, 6.

(În româneşte, despre Rawls se poate folosi antologia A. Miroiu (ed.), Teorii ale dreptăţii, Alternative, Bucureşti, 1996.)

 Temele 4 – 5. Abordari marxiste ale dreptatii

1.

J. Elster, Making Sense of Marx, cap. 4

Wood, A., The Marxian Critique of Justice, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1, 3, 1972, pp. 244 – 282

2.

R. Miller, Rawls and Marxism, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1974, pp. 167 – 191

Clark, B., Gintis, H., Rawlsian Justice and Economic Systems, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 7, 4, 1978, pp. 302 – 325

Allen E. Buchanan,  Marx, Morality, and History: An Assessment of Recent Analytical Work on Marx, Ethics, Vol. 98, No. 1 (Oct., 1987), pp. 104-136

Temele 6 – 7. Dreptate si egalitate

1.

Dworkin, R.,  Sovereign Virtue. The Theory and Practice of Equality, Harvard University Press, 2000. (What is Equality? Part 1: Equality of Welfare, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 10, No. 3. (Summer, 1981), pp. 185-246; What is Equality? Part 2: Equality of Resources, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 10, No. 4. (Autumn, 1981), pp. 283-345.)

Scanlon, T. M. Jr., Equality of Resources and Equality of Welfare: A Forced Marriage?, Ethics, Vol. 97, No. 1. (Oct., 1986), pp. 111-118;

Facultativ: Cohen, G. A., On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice, Ethics, Vol. 99, No. 4. (Jul., 1989), pp. 906-944; Anderson, E.S., What is the Point of Equality?, Ethics, Vol. 109, No. 2. (Jan., 1999), pp. 287-337.

2.

A. Sen, Inequality re-examined, cap. 1 – 9.

Temele 8 – 9. Rawls si Walzer

1.

Walzer, Spheres of Justice

2.

Walzer, Philosophy and Democracy, Political Theory, 9, 3, 1981, pp. 379 – 399

Walzer, Thinking Politically, cap. 5, 6, 10

Tema 10. Critici feministe ale lui Rawls

Okin, S.M., Ratiune si sentiment in intelegerea dreptatii, in A. miroiu (ed.), Teorii ale dreptatii, Alternative, 1996.

J. Sterba, Justice for here aned now, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998, cap. 4

Okin, S.M., The Family: Gender and Justice 

Temele 11. Neutralitate si avantaj

D. Gauthier, Morality and Advantage, The Philosophical Review, 76, 1967, pp. 460 – 475

D. Gauthier, Dreptatea ca alegere sociala, in A. Miroiu (ed.) Teorii ale dreptatii.

B. Barry, A Treatise on Social Justice, vol 1, Harvester, London, 1989, cap. 1 – 3.

Tema 12. Abordari pozitive ale dreptatii

J. Konow, Which Is the Fairest One of All? A Positive Analysis of Justice Theories, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 41, 4 (2003), pp. 1188-1239.

Philip A. Michelbach, John T. Scott, Richard E. Matland, Brian H. Bornstein, Doing Rawls Justice: An Experimental Study of Income Distribution Norms, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 47, No. 3 (Jul., 2003), pp. 523-539

Skyrms, B., Evolution of the social contract, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996, cap.

Binmore, K., Natural justice, Oxford University Press, New York, 2005

Bibliografia este minimală; studenţilor li se vor solicita şi alte lecturi relevante.

Cerinţe:

• Participarea activă la seminar – 25%
• Prezentarea a două position paper în cadrul seminarului – 25%
• Realizarea unei recenzii a unei cărţi pe tema discutată – 25%
• Examen final – 25%

Redau aici (după ediţia din 2000 a manualului, publicată la Editura Trei) trei dintre capitolele manualului. Primul este dedicat temei DUMNEZEU. Am ales acest exemplu fiindcă, din păcate, tema a fost între timp eliminată din programa de filosofie de liceu, iar elevilor nu li se mai ofera posibilitatea de a cunoaşte modalitatea filosofica de reflecţie asupra religiei. Celelalte capitole – dedicate temelor DREPTATEA  şi ADEVĂRUL – se regăsesc încă în programa de filosofie pentru liceu.

manual-filosofie_dumnezeu

manual-filosofie_adevarul3

manual-filosofie_dreptatea5

weak_characterization_of_mj

May’s (1952) celebrated characterization of the simple majority rule appealed to four properties: decisiveness, neutrality, anonymity and positive responsiveness. The impression that they are too strong for this job was, however, quite appealing. The aim of this paper is to present characterizations of the majority rule that appeal to properties which substantially weaken some of May’s axioms. First, I prove that we can replace positive responsiveness with a weaker version of it, and still succeed in characterizing the majority rule. Secondly, I show that we can also dispense with anonymity and neutrality, and appeal to a weaker property called binary opposition.

positive_responsiveness2

In a highly influential paper K. May characterized the simple majority rule on a finite group of voters in terms of three properties of aggregation functions: neutrality, anonymity and responsiveness. However, attempts to generalize May’s result to infinite sets of voters bring about difficulties one does not encounter in the finite case. Size is an example: all countable infinite sets are in one sense of the same ‘size’. As one may expect, size raises the question of interpreting May’s anonymity condition on infinite domains. In this context, May’s responsiveness property did not look to play a significant role. The paper argues that when the electorate is infinite, part of the import of responsiveness is that the set-theoretical Axiom of Choice holds.

Cursul are următoarele teme

CAPITOLUL 1: CE SUNT POLITICILE PUBLICE? a) Sectorul public; b) Politicile publice; c) De ce este nevoie de politici publice? capitolul-1

CAPITOLUL 2: CE ESTE ANALIZA POLITICILOR? a) Analiza politicilor; b) Statul şi politicile publice; c) Modele ale politicilor capitolul-2

CAPITOLUL 3: STABILIREA AGENDEI a) Sursele problemelor; b) Modele ale stabilirii agendei; c) Respingerea agendei; d) Definirea problemelor (pentru continutul acestui capitol, a se vedea cartea Introducere in analiza politicilor publice)

CAPITOLUL 4: FORMULAREA POLITICILOR a) Ce determină formularea politicilor? b) Stabilirea criteriilor; c) Analiza alternativelor; d) Învăţarea şi transferul de politici capitolul-4

 CAPITOLUL 5: RAŢIONALITATE ŞI DECIZIE a) Conceptul de decizie raţională; b) Critici ale modelului deciziei raţionale; c) Modele alternative ale deciziei capitolul-5

 CAPITOLUL 6: IMPLEMENTAREA POLITICILOR a) Cum se implementează  o politică; b) Instrumentele politicilor; c) Încheierea politicii şi succesiunea capitolul-6

 CAPITOLUL 7: EVALUAREA POLITICILOR PUBLICE a) Ce este evaluarea? b) Tipuri de evaluare; c) Metode de evaluare capitolul-7

Realitate şi practică socială. Studiu de ontologie formală (Reality and Praxis. A Study in Formal Ontology), Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1989.

capitolul-3.pdf